{"id":145,"date":"2024-05-23T15:03:03","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T15:03:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/?p=145"},"modified":"2024-05-24T11:21:42","modified_gmt":"2024-05-24T11:21:42","slug":"bir-ulusun-ozgurluk-mucadelesi-ve-23-nisanlara-nasil-gelindi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/?p=145","title":{"rendered":"B\u0130R ULUSUN \u00d6ZG\u00dcRL\u00dcK M\u00dcCADELES\u0130 VE\u00a0 23 N\u0130SANLARA NASIL GEL\u0130ND\u0130?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

104 y\u0131l \u00f6nceydi. Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu’nun gen\u00e7 bir komutan\u0131 Mirliva (T\u00fcmgeneral) Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve \u00e7evresinde ona sonuna karar g\u00fcvenen arkada\u015flar\u0131, askerler, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir T\u00fcrk Millet Meclisi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131.
\u00a0
Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa,\u00a0 bu karara kadar nas\u0131l gelmi\u015fti?
\u00a0
Geli\u015fmeler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da;
\u00a0
1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n yenilgiyi kabullenmesi ile fiilen 11 Kas\u0131m 1918’de bitmi\u015fti.
\u00a0
D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenik \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, d\u00fc\u015fmanlarca i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f bir payitaht \u0130stanbul (\u0130stanbul ve son padi\u015fah Vahdettin 5 y\u0131l i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) ve i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki di\u011fer \u015fehirlerimiz, t\u00fcm topraklar\u0131m\u0131z, esir \u015fehirlerin insanlar\u0131 ve ne yaz\u0131k ki ma\u011flup ve \u00e7aresiz, hazinesi iflas etmi\u015f bir padi\u015fahl\u0131k.
\u00a0
T\u00fcrk halk\u0131n\u0131n son s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n, son topraklar\u0131n\u0131n, bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamamen kaybedilmesinin sebebi olacakt\u0131.
\u00a0
Gen\u00e7 bir subay olan Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa geli\u015fmeleri \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fcyle anbean takip ediyor ve olabilecekleri \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcyordu.
\u00a0
Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, her cephede s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu a\u011f\u0131r sava\u015f\u0131n bitirilmesi i\u00e7in antla\u015fmaya raz\u0131 oldu.\u00a0 Elini kolunu ba\u011flayan ve topraklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n i\u015fgaline karar al\u0131nan, a\u011f\u0131r \u015fartlar i\u00e7eren Mondros M\u00fctarekesi (ate\u015fkes), 30 Ekim 1918\u2019de Ege’deki Limeni Adas\u0131nda \u0130tilaf Devletleri ile Osmanl\u0131 Devleti aras\u0131nda imzaland\u0131.
\u00a0
\u015eartlardan biri, m\u00fcttefikimiz Almanya ‘nen komutan\u0131 Liman Van Saner\u2019sin, komuta etti\u011fi Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Gurup Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revinden al\u0131nmas\u0131yd\u0131. Komutanl\u0131k merkezi Adana’yd\u0131.
\u00a0
\u00c7ok parlak bir subay olan, ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ile s\u00fcrekli dikkatleri \u00fczerine \u00e7eken Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Sadrazam ve Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa taraf\u0131ndan Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Ordular\u0131 Gurup Komutan\u0131 olarak atanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve hemen Adana’ya do\u011fru yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.
\u00a0
31 Ekim 1918 g\u00fcn\u00fc Adana’ya vas\u0131l oldu ve Van Anvers\u2019ten komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 teslim ald\u0131.
\u00a0
Adana’da 11 g\u00fcn kalan Mirliva Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa,\u00a0 Mondros Antla\u015fmas\u0131’n\u0131n \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok a\u011f\u0131r buldu\u011funu,\u00a0 kabul edilemez oldu\u011funu, kesinlikle uyulmamas\u0131 gereklili\u011fini Sadrazam Ahmet \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa ‘ya ve kendi \u00e7evresindeki komutanlara iletti. (Bu olaylar s\u0131ras\u0131nda Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa 37 ya\u015f\u0131ndad\u0131r)
\u00a0
Y\u0131llar sonra, Adana i\u00e7in, \u201cBana bir kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131 ilham\u0131 ve fikri ilk olarak bu topraklarda has\u0131l olmu\u015ftur\u201d diyerek, o g\u00fcnlerdeki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini beyan etmi\u015ftir.
\u00a0
Yani Ekim 1918 ‘de Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n zihninde kurtulu\u015f \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131 yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve bir daha hi\u00e7 s\u00f6nmedi.
\u00a0
Ba\u015fkent ( payitaht ) \u0130stanbul’un i\u015fgali:
\u00a0
Mondros Ate\u015fkes Ant. \u0130le 1. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131n bitti\u011finin ilan edilmesinin (30 Ekim 1918) hemen ard\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. \u0130stanbul ‘un i\u015fgali 5 y\u0131l s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
\u00a0
13 Kas\u0131m 1918 – 6 Ekim 1923.
\u00a0
\u0130tilaf Devletleri Mondros ‘tan sonra
\u00a0
\u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z ve nisp\u00ee az say\u0131da \u0130talyan, Yunan, Amerikan askeri ile \u0130stanbul ‘u i\u015fgal etti. \u0130ngiltere Musul’u ve \u00e7evresini, Fransa Suriye’yi, \u0130talya Anadolu’nun g\u00fcney k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal etti. T\u00fcm bunlar olurken padi\u015fah; Vahdettin\u00a0 ( 6. Mehmet) idi. Saltanat\u0131; 4 Temmuz 1918-1 Kas\u0131m 1922
\u00a0
Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, 19 May\u0131s 1919’da Samsun’ a ayak basarak, b\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131’n\u0131 ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015f oldu. T\u00fcrk Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131; 19 May\u0131s 1919-
\u00a0
24 Temmuz 1923 tarihleri aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Misak-\u0131 Milli s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki \u00fclke b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak hedefiyle verilen \u00e7ok cepheli siyas\u00ee ve asker\u00ee bir m\u00fccadeledir.
\u00a0
19 May\u0131s\u2019tan yakla\u015f\u0131k 1 y\u0131l sonra, 23 Nisan 1920 Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc Ankara ‘da Hac\u0131 Bayram Camii’nde Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve heyeti hep beraber cuma namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nd\u0131ktan, kurbanlar kesildikten sonra, \u00f6n\u00fcnde bayraklar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir toplulukla gelerek, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Kul\u00fcb\u00fc olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f binada, saat 13.45- 14.00 gibi, t\u00f6renle TBMM\u2019nin ilk a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.
\u00a0
\u0130kinci oturumda Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa,\u00a0 TBMM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ildi. Ve kendisine her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yetki verildi. 24 Nisan 1920
\u00a0
Meclisin amac\u0131;\u00a0 Osmanl\u0131 Devleti topraklar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nce i\u015fgaline direnmek, y\u00fcr\u00fctmeyi denetlemek ve T\u00fcrk Milleti ad\u0131na yasama erkini kullanmakt\u0131r.
\u00a0
Yeni kurulan T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi, bundan b\u00f6yle vatan-millet ad\u0131na g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerin, anla\u015fmalar\u0131n kendileri ile yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, aksi takdirde kabul etmeyeceklerine karar verdiler.
\u00a0
Ve b\u00f6ylece ba\u015flat\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f ile Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7indeki vatan topraklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015fmandan ar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ordu-halk el ele 4 y\u0131l t\u00fcm cephelerde her t\u00fcrl\u00fc yokluk ve imk\u00e2ns\u0131zl\u0131k i\u00e7inde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015ft\u0131.
\u00a0
TBMM’ni ilk tan\u0131yan devlet,\u00a0 Afganistan oldu. Resmen; 1 Mart 1921, \u0130ran Hint M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 ( daha sonra Pakistan’\u0131 kurdular )
\u00a0
TBMM’ni tan\u0131yan ilk \u0130tilaf devleti,\u00a0 Fransa oldu. 20 Ekim 1921.
\u00a0
Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Cumhuriyet\u2019in temelinin at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc, \u201cBug\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckleri, yar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckleridir diyerek, \u00e7ocuklara arma\u011fan etti.\u00a0 Bu konuda kanun \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131; 23 Nisan 1921.
\u00a0
O g\u00fcnden beri bu bayram\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir \u00fclkenin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fckleri olarak sevin\u00e7le, co\u015fkuyla,\u00a0 g\u00f6sterilerle kutluyoruz.
\u00a0
T\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaca tan\u0131nan bu bayram\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7ocuklara arma\u011fan edilmi\u015f, d\u00fcnyaca kabul edilmi\u015f ilk ve tek \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131’d\u0131r.
\u00a0
Bir kez daha ve 104. kez kutlaman\u0131n mutlulu\u011fu, onurunu ve co\u015fkusunu ya\u015f\u0131yoruz.
\u00a0
T\u00fcm halk\u0131m\u0131za kutlu ve mutlu olsun.
\u00a0
Cumhuriyetimizin sonsuza uzanmas\u0131 dile\u011fiyle.
\u00a0
Ba\u015fta ebedi komutan ve ilk Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131m\u0131z Gazi Mustafa Kemal olmak \u00fczere bu u\u011furda sava\u015fm\u0131\u015f t\u00fcm komutanlar\u0131m\u0131z, askerlerimiz, dedelerimiz ve ninelerimizin ruhlar\u0131 \u015f\u00e2d olsun, Allah onlardan raz\u0131 olsun.
\u00a0
Ne mutlu T\u00fcrk’\u00fcm diyene!
\u00a0
Notlar:
\u00a0
\u2022\u0130ttifak Devletleri: Osmanl\u0131 Devleti, Almanya, Avusturya-Macaristan, Bulgaristan.
\u00a0
\u2022\u0130tilaf Devletleri: \u0130ngiltere, Fransa, S\u0131rbistan, Rusya daha sonra kat\u0131lanlar: \u00c7ekoslovakya, Hicaz Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ermenistan, H\u0131rvatistan, Slovenya, \u0130talya, Yunanistan, Portekiz, Romanya, Japonya, ABD.
\u00a0
*Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7teki antla\u015fmalar;
\u00a0
* Mondros M\u00fctarekesi. Ege Limeni Adas\u0131\u2019nda, imzaland\u0131. 30 Ekim 1918.
\u00a0
\u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmeti’ni temsilen Damat Ferit Pa\u015fa imzalad\u0131.
\u00a0
*Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131. Paris’te imzaland\u0131. 10 A\u011fustos 1920. \u0130tilaf Devletleri ile Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda imzaland\u0131.
\u00a0
Atat\u00fcrk Sevr i\u00e7in, y\u0131llar sonra; T\u00fcrk Milletini y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r yok etmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan b\u00fcy\u00fck suikast\u0131n son halkas\u0131d\u0131r ” demi\u015ftir (Nutuk ).
\u00a0
* G\u00fcmr\u00fc Ant. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda TBMM ile Ermenistan aras\u0131nda imzaland\u0131. 3 Aral\u0131k 1920.
\u00a0
TBMM’nin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk uluslararas\u0131 antla\u015fmad\u0131r. Ermenistan Do\u011fu Anadolu’daki hak ve iddialar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7ti. Kars \u015fehrini b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle TBMM H\u00fck\u00fcmetine teslim etti.
\u00a0
* Londra Konferans\u0131. 13 \u015eubat 1921-16 Mart 1921 \u0130tilaf Devletleri ile TBMM aras\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131.
\u00a0
Bu konferansta bir sonu\u00e7 al\u0131namamas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin TBMM’ni tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f olmalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli diplomatik bir ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sayesinde Misak-\u0131 Mill\u00ee ilkeleri ve TBMM’nin hakl\u0131 m\u00fccadelesi t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya duyuruldu.
\u00a0
Sevr’i kabul ettirilemeyeceklerini, \u0130tilaf Devletleri’nce resmen anla\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.
\u00a0
TBMM, bar\u0131\u015f yanl\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fcnyaya ilan etti.
\u00a0
*Moskova Ant. (TBMM-Rusya)Moskova’da imzaland\u0131. 16 Mart 1921. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ortak s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131m\u0131z \u00e7izildi.
\u00a0
*Ankara Antla\u015fmas\u0131:\u00a0 20 Ekim 1921
\u00a0
TBMM ve Frans\u0131z H\u00fck\u00fcmeti aras\u0131nda imzaland\u0131. Fransa Anadolu’daki cephelerini durdurdu. G\u00fcney cephesi bitirildi. S\u0131n\u0131rlar belirlendi. As\u0131l politik kararlar\u0131 Lozan’a b\u0131rakt\u0131.
\u00a0
*Lozan Bar\u0131\u015f Ant.\/ \u0130svi\u00e7re. 24 Temmuz 1923 TBMM- itilaf Devletleri\u00a0 (ABD g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131 ).
\u00a0
Atat\u00fcrk Lozan i\u00e7in; “Osmanl\u0131 Tarihi’nde benzeri g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f siyasi bir zafer eseridir” demi\u015ftir.18\/04\/2024
\u00a0
Derleyen, yazan;
Olcay SER\u0130C\u0130<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

104 y\u0131l \u00f6nceydi. Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu’nun gen\u00e7 bir komutan\u0131 Mirliva (T\u00fcmgeneral) Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa ve \u00e7evresinde ona sonuna karar g\u00fcvenen arkada\u015flar\u0131, askerler, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti\u2019nden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir T\u00fcrk Millet Meclisi kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n gereklili\u011fine inan\u0131yorlard\u0131.\u00a0Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa,\u00a0 bu karara kadar nas\u0131l gelmi\u015fti?\u00a0Geli\u015fmeler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da;\u00a01. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131, Almanya\u2019n\u0131n yenilgiyi kabullenmesi ile fiilen 11 Kas\u0131m 1918’de bitmi\u015fti.\u00a0D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan yenik \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 Devleti,\u2026 Read More »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_theme","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-145","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=145"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":147,"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/145\/revisions\/147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=145"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=145"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turkiyefahritrafik.org.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=145"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}